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Russian Ornithological Journal 2015, Volume 24, Express issue 1141: 1640-1643
The brown-breasted fly beetle Cnipodectes subbrunneus is a new species for the fauna of Venezuela
Albert Arkadyevich Lastukhin. Ecological and biological center "Karash",
st. Cooperative, 4, Cheboksary, 428000, Chuvash Republic, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Received April 2, 2015
Based on the results of our expedition to Venezuela in 2011, we present information about the findings of birds. The expedition included: Albert Arkadievich Lastukhin (leader), Alexander Richardovich Laptev and Andrey Gennadievich Stepanov. Some general information about the methodology, route and some significant results were published earlier (Lastukhin, 2011, 2013, 2014, Lastukhin et al. 2011a, b, c).
The state of Amazonas is located in the very south of Venezuela. It borders on the west with Colombia and in the south and east with Brazil. State name
comes from the Amazon River, in the basin of which it is located. The administrative center of the state is the city of Puerto Ayacucho. The area of the state is 180 145 km2, the population is 146 480 people (as of 2011). The most Indian state in Venezuela, Indians make up 53.7% of the population.
The state of Amazonas is located in a belt of tropical rainforest with a very dense undergrowth of shrubs, vines, tree ferns, palms and tall grasses. There are giant trees towering above all others. Lichens and orchids are diverse on the trunks. Some of the mountain valleys have been cleared for plantations of coffee, pineapples, bananas, etc. In the intermontane valleys, there are gullies with steep cliffs and turbulent streams with waterfalls. You can only move through the forest along paths; thorny lianas and grasses interfere with penetrating deeper.
Fig. 1. Author in the Orinoco Valley, Amazonas. Bird audio monitoring site March 22-25, 2011.
In these forests, thanks to the courtesy of a local Indian chief and his shaman grandfather, we conducted one of 7 Venezuelan audio monitoring of birds on March 22-25, 2011 on the eastern bank of the Orinoco River at an altitude of 40-250 m above sea level. ... Only in the state of Amazonas, 477 MGB of primary audio material was collected from which 1212 fragments of bird voices were extracted (including 394 files have not yet been identified).
As a result of laboratory processing of the collected materials at this point in the state of Amazonas, the following species were identified: Crypturel-lus soui, Crypturellus cinereus, Crypturellus variegatus, Ortalis motmot, Penelope jacquacu, Vanellus chilensis, Columba livia (invasive species) Glaucis hirsutus, Pha-ethornis hispidus, Phaethornis superciliosus, Phaethornis rupurumii, Cam-pylopterus largipennis, Hylocharis sapphirina, Chrysuronia oenone, Tro-
gon viridis, Momotus momota, Bucco capensis, Monasa atra, Ramphastos tucanus, Picumnus exilis, Melanerpes cruentatus, Dryocopus lineatus, Campephilus melanoleucos, Falco sparverius, Herpetotheres cachinnans, Pyrastur ruficramagnirois, RuphaoNuras, Pyrastur ruficramagnirois, Rupaao Pionus menstruus, Amazona ochrocephala, Amazona farinosa, dendroplex picus, Xiphorhynchus guttatus, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, Dendrocolaptes certhia, Cymbilaimus lineatus, Taraba major, Thamnophilus aethiops, Cercomacra cinerascens, Cercomacra tyrannina, Myrmoborus leucophrys, Myrmeciza atrothorax, Myiopagis gaimardii, Zimmerius gracilipes, Ornithion inerme , Cyclarhis gujanensis, Hylophilus muscicapinus, Tolmomyias flaviventris, Ochthornis littoralis, Legatus leu-cophaius, Pitangus sulphuratus, Lipaugus vociferans, Tyranneutes stolz-manni, Pachyramphus polyotrogoplastus, Vachyramphus polychoplus -nus, Thraupis e piscopus, Thraupis palmarum, Saltator coerulescens, Sal-tator grossus, Cyanocompsa cyanoides, Euphonia chlorotica *.
A number of other species were visually noted in the immediate vicinity: Coragyps atratus, Cathartes aura, Chondrohierax uncinatus, Elanoides forficatus, Micrastur mirandollei, Micrastur gilvicollis, Caracara cheri-way, Milvago chimachima, Actitis macularipes, Tringet flavusiger Piaya cayana, Tachornis squamata, Amazilia fimbriata, Hylocharis cyanus, Trogon rufus, Ptero-glossus viridis, Thamnophilus murinus, Atticora fasciata, Mimus gilvus, Coereba flaveola, Sicalis luteola.
At the end of March, the nesting season was in full swing here (end of the dry period) and many birds actively mowed or fed their chicks. We have not identified here the limiting factors that can interfere with the natural course of natural balance. All this unimaginable (by our standards) variety is here in the usual order, i.e. within nesting or wintering areas. However, in one corner of the forest, one exception was identified.
During the recording of the voices of the golden-crested melanerpes Melanerpes cruentatus and the brown crypturellus Crypturellus soui, the recordings of which are available at www.xeno-canto.org/233187, www.xeno-canto. org / 204089, March 23, 2011 at 8 am a bird unknown to me sang loudly next to me in four syllables "beer-beer-beer-beer". She sat on a branch 3 m above the ground and looked like a large gray flycatcher in exterior. Since the recorder was turned on, I immediately dictated its description (external signs) for subsequent determination. It turned out to be a brown-breasted fly beetle Cnipodectes subbrunneus (Sclater, 1860).
* Our recordings of many of these views, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0, are available at www.xeno-canto.org
Fig. 2. Dense thickets - observation site on March 23, 2011, a singing male brown-breasted fly beetle Cnipodectes subbrunneus.
Fig. 3. The area of the brown-breasted fly beetle Cnipodectes subbrunneus, the point of its observation in Venezuela (circle) and the sonogram of its song.
At that point, observations of the brown-breasted fly beetle ended (at that moment I had no idea that it would turn out to be a new species for the fauna of Venezuela.) the tree I was under. They fell from a great height, punching through thick leaves. It was then that I realized why a cork helmet is needed in the rainforest.
